A special CT scan of the sinus is done pre-operatively, and entered into the computerized system. Copyright 2023 Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (RSNA). If you have a known allergy to contrast material, your doctor may prescribe medications to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. This study should be downloaded from the server or onto a CD to be taken to the OR. The AAO-HNS website regarding surgical navigation was reaffirmed 12/8/2012: CT scan of the paranasal sinuses with Stealth protocol should be ordered prior to the patients surgery date. He appeared healthy on examination and had hyponasal speech. From May 2019 to December 2019, a total of 115 CT scans were selected for analysis, of which 47 were standard protocols CT scans and 68 were 3D navigation protocols CT scans. CT scan showed a large neoplasm of the right paranasal sinuses with bony erosion of inferior and medial orbit (Figure 3). For children, the radiologist will adjust the CT scanner technique to their size and the area of interest to reduce the radiation dose. In many ways, a CT scan works like other x-ray exams. Sometimes, the exam table will move during the scan. Keep reading to know what we look for in a CT scan of the sinuses. CT of the sinuses can help plan the safest and most effective surgery. The quality of the CT or CBCT scan is the most important aspect of creating With few exceptions, neck CT should be performed with intravenous contrast material . In emergency cases, they can reveal internal injuries and bleeding quickly enough to help save lives. The Images should be loaded onto the base unit prior to the registration process and the appropriate exam selected. Nonetheless, mucocele may have a similar appearance to other benign . A CT scan may help detect sinusitis, evaluate sinuses filled with thickened sinus membranes, give additional information on tumors of the nasal cavity, diagnose inflammatory disorders, and plan for surgery by defining anatomy (12). J Laryngol Otol. Intra-Operative Use of Computer Aided Surgery. Bones appear white on the x-ray. If the exam uses iodinated contrast material, your doctor will screen you for chronic or acute kidney disease. RadiologyInfo.org is not a medical facility. It may also see if there has been any change in an issue over time. Advances in diagnostic imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomographic [CT] scan and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have enhanced the understanding and management of sinusitis. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the sinus is an imaging test that uses x-rays to make detailed pictures of the air-filled spaces inside the face (sinuses). `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Findings on CT scan should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical and endoscopic findings because of high rates of false-positive findings. CT scans in children should always be done with low-dose technique. Women should always inform their physician and the CT technologist if there is any possibility that they may be pregnant. All Rights Reserved Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, Editor: Henry Hoffman, MD `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ The IGS instrumentation and registration protocols will vary with based on the brand and model of the system used. Image guidance provides surgeons with a more detailed view of intra-cranial and extra-cranial structures such as . CT of the sinuses is now widely available and is performed in a relatively short time, especially when compared to. 1. /Matrix [1 0 0 -1 0 792] The University of Iowa appreciates that supporting benefactors recognize the University of Iowa's need for autonomy in the development of the content of the Iowa Head and Neck Protocols. CT imaging is sometimes compared to looking into a loaf of bread by cutting the loaf into thin slices. Ct head protocols 1. . Indenting and outdenting in richtext should work as well. CT Sinus Cat Scan Quick Reference Guide for Physicians. Copyright 2002 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Keep in mind that the images provided are based on the anatomy at the time of CT scan and the surgical anatomy may have changed prior to the start of the procedure (resolution/progression of infection, change in size of masses, etc). Our studies are done in the axial plane and reconstructed in the coronal and sagittal planes. GE VCT Protocols. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Because children are more sensitive to radiation, they should have a CT exam only if it is essential for making a diagnosis. There are four pairs of sinuses, each connected to the nasal cavity by small openings. CT paranasal sinus (protocol). Use of CT is typically reserved for difficult cases or to define anatomy prior to sinus surgery. If you have a known allergy to contrast material, your doctor may prescribe medications (usually a steroid) to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. A total of 31 children and 84 adults were included in the analysis. I'm not a radiologist but I believe it has to do with overlaying the images in a particular manner and the use of specialized software. CT scan is one of the safest means of studying the sinuses. For example, sometimes a parent wearing a lead shield may stay in the room with their child. detect the presence of inflammatory diseases. The radiologist will send an official report to the doctor who ordered the exam. The study involved 60 patients aged 15-67 years whose paranasal sinuses were imaged with this modality using one of three different low-dose CT-scan protocols. The bone algorithm was used in all cases [15]. See the CT Safety During Pregnancypage for more information. After a prolonged course of antibiotics, serial CT scans revealed resolution of the frontal abscess and sinusitis. The procedure itself should not be different from your point of view. This places markers on the outside of the head to help surgeons accurately orient images to the patient. Or, they may be over the weight limitusually 450 poundsfor the moving table. 4000 HU), soft tissue kernel (e.g. It does not imply the use of a contrast agent. You can return to your normal activities immediately. You may need to remove any piercings, if possible. Women will need to remove bras containing metal underwire. Any of these conditions may increase the risk of an adverse effect. Interpreting findings seen at CT of the neck is challenging owing to the complex and nuanced anatomy of the neck, which contains multiple organ systems in a relatively small area. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ 200 Hawkins Drive CT is less sensitive to patient movement than MRI. You will be alone in the exam room during the CT scan, unless there are special circumstances. Metal objects, including jewelry, eyeglasses, dentures, and hairpins, may affect the CT images. xQ_GMBfhf=9uv:'n-bL'7>|_>%QQw? They will cover the tiny hole made by the needle with a small dressing. He continued his nasal steroids and systemic decongestants, and began nasal saline irrigations (recipe: 1 quart water, 2 teaspoons salt, 1 teaspoon baking soda). Procedures and Techniques, Whether you're performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) or operating in the skull base,meta-analyses on commercial image-guided navigation systems, like StealthStation ENT system, suggest a reduction in major complications during endoscopic sinus surgery compared with non-image guided procedures.1-3. The technologist begins by positioning patients on the CT examination table. His ears were clear by otoscopy, and his nasal examination revealed a right-sided septal deviation. CT because of the universal sinus CT protocol, total saving was estimated as $142,162, which translated to $147,628 when adjusted for inflation. Total amount of contrast. The patient is a 20-year-old healthy man with an upper respiratory tract infection that has lasted two weeks. We hope you find this useful and would appreciate any comments or suggestions that you might have. Image 4: The electromagnetic field generator (EMG) is generally stored with the brace and bracket (shown in fig. Protocol specifics will vary depending on CT scanner type, specific hardware and software, radiologist and perhaps referrer preference, and patient factors, e.g. Radiology department of the Rijnland Hospital in Leiderdorp, the Netherlands. Commonly Used CPT Codes for CT | Harrison Imaging Centers . In some protocols we always want to give the maximum dose of 150cc, like when you are looking for a pancreatic carcinoma or liver metastases. What are the limitations of CT of the Sinuses? Web page review process: This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR), comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas. The CT protocols listed are generic versions of scan protocols and need to be modified for scanner make and model. The doctor may administer contrast material intravenously (by vein), so you will feel a pin prick when the nurse inserts the needle into your vein. These medications must be taken 12 hours prior to your exam. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Tell your doctor about all medications you are taking and if you have any allergies. This website does not provide cost information. . At the time the article was created Fabio Macori had no recorded disclosures. Our understanding and management of paranasal sinus infections have improved since the introduction of nasal endoscopy, CT scans, and MRI. endobj These measure the amount of radiation being absorbed throughout your body. Alternatively, 4% cocaine (no more than 4 ml) may be used for pre-surgical vasoconstriction and to assist with hemostasis. Return toParanasal Sinus Surgery Protocols. 50, and 75% sinus-length landmark slices, as shown in Fig. Leave jewelry at home and wear loose, comfortable clothing. Check for errors and try again. Disadvantages of MRI include high false-positive findings, poor bony imaging, and higher cost. The x-rays used for CT scanning should have no immediate side effects. /X4 Do However, when symptoms are recurrent or refractory despite adequate treatment, further diagnostic evaluations may be indicated. This is accomplished through: Benefits of image-guided navigated surgery include improvements in visualization, enabling surgeons to work within complex sinus anatomy and optimize surgical strategies for their patients.5-9. If additional information is needed to determine the extent of soft tissue of the tumor, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful. This results in more detail. <> The olfactory pathway is composed of peripheral sinonasal and central sensorineural components. 612 0 0 -792 0 792 cm endobj 2014;82(6 Suppl):S95-105. Anterior ethmoid sinuses exhibit no mucosal disease. Modern CT scanners can image large sections of the body in just a few seconds, and even faster in small children. CT Assessment of Sinuses Before FESS The radiologist's role is to report on five key Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. The CT paranasal sinus protocolserves as an examination for the assessment of the study of the mucosa and bone system of the sinonasal cavities. The contrast material will be injected through this line. no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ CT has been shown to be a cost-effective imaging tool for a wide range of clinical problems. The preferred initial procedure is a coronal CT image (13). DISCUSSION The use of a universal sinus CT protocol for both intraoperative navigation and routine diagnostic imag-ing represents an easily overlooked opportunity for eliminating redundant imaging. You will be asked to lie on a narrow table that slides into the center of the CT scanner. KOLAWOLE S. OKUYEMI, M.D., M.P.H., AND TERANCE T. TSUE, M.D. Surgical Navigation can be utilized for a number of different surgical procedures. A radiologist, a doctor specially trained to supervise and interpret radiology exams, will analyze the images. Ahn S, et al. ENT Navigation Solutions Video-Telemedicine for Salivary Gland Swelling (Sialadenitis), The AAO-HNS currently maintains surgical navigation systems are deemed appropriate in "select cases to assist the surgeon in clarifying complex anatomy during sinus and skull base surgery.". A noncontrast CT scan is usually sufficient, except for complicated acute sinusitis (e.g., periorbital cellulitis or abscess). Image 5: The power station is secured to the bed with the EMG cord plugged in (shown here), along with the power cord and base unit connection cords (see fig. The risk of serious allergic reaction to contrast materials that contain iodine is extremely rare, and radiology departments are well-equipped to deal with them. Procedure Report: Frontal sinuses are well developed and exhibit no mucoperiosteal thickening. 74170, 72194, 76376 Ste nt Protocol Question of: diverticulitis, appendicitis, abscess, cancer, prior abdominal surgery. Update my browser now. However. It is the best imaging modality for sinusitis. Because of the progression of his headaches, a maxillofacial and head CT scan was obtained, revealing acute sinusitis with frontal epidural abscess (Figure 2). To locate a medical imaging or radiation oncology provider in your community, you can search the ACR-accredited facilities database. Usually done without contrast. 70482- CT Orbits with and without contrast 4. What will I experience during and after the procedure? Laryngoscope. Speed is especially beneficial for children, the elderly, and critically ill anyone who finds it difficult to stay still, even for the brief time necessary to obtain images. Institutions have their bloodsupply by clicking and of bone. A conventional x-ray exam directs a small amount of radiation through the body part under examination. Gantry Tilt: 15 to 20 degrees angulation of the gantry to the canthomeatal line or tilting the patient's chin toward the chest ("tucked" position). A coronal CT image is the preferred initial procedure. endobj Neuroradiology CT Protocols N 1: Head CT without contrast N 1C: Pre- and post-contrast head CT N 2: Head CT angiography . Although rare, complications from sinusitis can be serious if not promptly diagnosed and adequately treated. o Process images with bone algorithm. A single Waters' view (occipitomental) appears to provide as much information as the standard four-view series.11, CT scans can provide much more detailed information about the anatomy and abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses than plain films.12 A CT scan provides greater definition of the sinuses and is more sensitive than plain radiography for detecting sinus pathology, especially within the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses.6,13 CT scan findings can also be quite nonspecific, however, and should not be used routinely in the diagnosis of acute sinusitis.6,14 The primary role of CT scans is to aid in the diagnosis and management of recurrent and chronic sinusitis, or to define the anatomy of the sinuses prior to surgery.2 In many institutions, a limited CT scan costs about the same as a full radiographic series but provides more useful information.2,15,16, A coronal CT image is the preferred initial procedure. The contents of this web site are for information purposes only, and are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. CT Imaging Technique At our institutions, axial CT images of the sinuses are acquired with .625-mm collima - tion. This leads to the formation of posterosuperior attic pockets. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). A: Stereotactic computer assisted navigation (SCAN), also known as image guidance, is typically used by otolaryngologist - head and neck surgeons when performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and skull base approaches. After a CT exam, the technologist will remove your intravenous line. Computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses uses special x-ray equipment to evaluate the paranasal sinus cavities hollow, air-filled spaces within the bones of the face surrounding the nasal cavity. If you've battled sinus pain, headaches, and emotional drain for 12 weeks or more, you may have chronic sinusitis. 2. Nearly all CT scanners can obtain multiple slices in a single rotation. Acute Stroke - Brain. Laryngoscope. Thus, it should be utilized as the adjunct and should not be viewed as a substitute for surgical knowledge and anatomical familiarity with the surgical region. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ For FESS, this is generally placed on the patients mid-forehead. At UIHC, this is equipment is kept in a mobile storage unit that can be positioned outside the room prior to the start of the case. When you look at a CT scan, bone should be whitish, the air around your head and in the sinuses should be black, and soft tissue is a greyish color. Eight glasses of my browser if the lens and symptoms. Nasal examination revealed swollen turbinates bilaterally and obvious nasal polyps with surrounding purulent discharge. Medications (specific to nursing) 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. The system is then used during the surgery to confirm the position of the surgeon's instruments at all times. A CT scan of the face produces images that also show a patient's paranasal sinus cavities. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. necessary to evaluate the sinuses on CT. Practice Essentials. Robin Smithuis. ]$"D o]\\o:w2qP?O^aAvv]{@o#F `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ CT images of internal organs, bones, soft tissue, and blood vessels provide greater detail than traditional x-rays. A special computer program processes this large volume of data to create two-dimensional cross-sectional images of your body. SINUSES AND ORBITS CT FLANK FOR STONES 70486, 70450 CT Sinus and Head w/o contrast 74150, 72192 CT Abdomen and Pelvis w/o contrast 70486 CT . Computerized Tomography (CT) Image Guided Sinus Procedures allows the surgeon to simultaneously visualize 4 different views on a monitor: the coronal, sagittal and axial CT scan images at the same time as the real time surgical endoscopic view. This will pass. CT-paranasal sinuses are a vital tool in the assessment of patients with CRS. Indications These special procedures are indicated for specific treatment planning. Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below. CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate. Who interprets the results and how do I get them? World Neurosurg. % A motor turns the ring so that the x-ray tube and x-ray detectors revolve around the body during the scan. Face/Sinus. MRI scans take considerably longer to accomplish than CT scans and may be difficult to obtain in patients who are claustrophobic. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Multidetector CT reduces the amount of time that the patient needs to lie still. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ He appeared generally healthy on examination and had hyponasal speech. Healthcare Professionals Attachment of ct sinus, ct scans in the radiologist in both before. It is usually performed as a non-contrast study. Wanted to be landmarx try a much lower radiation exposures for the symptoms may need while remaining at the site. How the Test is Performed The costs for specific medical imaging tests, treatments and procedures may vary by geographic region. With CT scanning, several x-ray beams and electronic x-ray detectors rotate around you. Plain radiography has a limited role in the management of sinusitis. Tell your doctor if there's a possibility you are pregnant and discuss any recent illnesses, medical conditions, medications you're taking, and allergies. CAT scan - sinus; Computed axial tomography scan - sinus; Computed tomography scan - sinus; CT scan - sinus. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-92692, see full revision history and disclosures, shoulder (modified transthoracic supine lateral), acromioclavicular joint (AP weight-bearing view), sternoclavicular joint (anterior oblique views), sternoclavicular joint (serendipity view), foot (weight-bearing medial oblique view), paranasal sinus and facial bone radiography, paranasal sinuses and facial bones (lateral view), transoral parietocanthal view (open mouth Waters view), temporomandibular joint (axiolateral oblique view), cervical spine (flexion and extension views), lumbar spine (flexion and extension views), systematic radiographic technical evaluation (mnemonic), foreign body ingestion series (pediatric), foreign body inhalation series (pediatric), pediatric chest (horizontal beam lateral view), neonatal abdominal radiograph (supine view), pediatric abdomen (lateral decubitus view), pediatric abdomen (supine cross-table lateral view), pediatric abdomen (prone cross-table lateral view), pediatric elbow (horizontal beam AP view), pediatric elbow (horizontal beam lateral view), pediatric forearm (horizontal beam lateral view), pediatric hip (abduction-internal rotation view), iodinated contrast-induced thyrotoxicosis, saline flush during contrast administration, CT angiography of the cerebral arteries (protocol), CT angiography of the circle of Willis (protocol), cardiac CT (prospective high-pitch acquisition), CT transcatheter aortic valve implantation planning (protocol), CT colonography reporting and data system, CT kidneys, ureters and bladder (protocol), CT angiography of the splanchnic vessels (protocol), esophageal/gastro-esophageal junction protocol, absent umbilical arterial end diastolic flow, reversal of umbilical arterial end diastolic flow, monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy, benign and malignant characteristics of breast lesions at ultrasound, differential diagnosis of dilated ducts on breast imaging, musculoskeletal manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, sonographic features of malignant lymph nodes, ultrasound classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip, ultrasound appearances of liver metastases, generalized increase in hepatic echogenicity, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ultrasound-guided biopsy of a peripheral soft tissue mass, ultrasound-guided intravenous cannulation, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SBRT or SABR), sealed source radiation therapy (brachytherapy), selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), preoperative pulmonary nodule localization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), transhepatic biliary drainage - percutaneous, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), percutaneous nephrostomy salvage and tube exchange, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), long head of biceps tendon sheath injection, rotator cuff calcific tendinitis barbotage, subacromial (subdeltoid) bursal injection, spinal interventional procedures (general), transforaminal epidural steroid injection, intravenous cannulation (ultrasound-guided), inferomedial superolateral oblique projection, breast ultrasound features: benign vs malignant, 1. The CT images are then processed and then downloaded onto the computer where all 3 sinus views are displayed simultaneously on a monitor in the operating room along with the endoscopic view. Accessed November 17, 2009. There is an x-ray tube and electronic x-ray detectors that are located opposite each other inside the ring, which is called the gantry. The American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) endorses the use of image-guided surgery for procedures including4: Medtronic offers powered and manual instruments that are specially designed for a broad variety of FESS procedures. Weight 75-90kg: 120cc. His ears were clear bilaterally. Fusion: Standalone, electromagnetic based ENT image guidance system. Use of bone anchoring device in electromagnetic computer-assisted navigation in lateral skull base surgery. This study should be downloaded from the server or onto a CD to be taken to the OR. However, the benefit of an accurate diagnosis far outweighs the risk involved with CT scanning. Diagnostic imaging is generally used in cases of recurrent or complicated sinus disease. 8C (levels shown at left; . Discuss the fees associated with your prescribed procedure with your doctor, the medical facility staff and/or your insurance provider to get a better understanding of the possible charges you will incur. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. The radiation dose for this procedure varies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. If contrast material is required, a nurse or technologistwill insert an intravenous(IV) line into a small vein in the patient's hand or arm. CT scan of the paranasal sinuses with Stealth protocol should be ordered prior to the patients surgery date. For some systems, a special mask or markers are placed on the patient's face during the scan to serve as reference points. These critical variants and landmarks can be quickly recalled and incorporated into the preoperative imaging report through the use of the mnemonic "CLOSE . If you are having sinusitis symptoms that don't respond to medication, contact CT Sinus Center at (203) 574-5997 for further workup to see if endoscopic sinus surgery is right for you. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Your doctor can review these images on a computer monitor, print them on film or via a 3D printer, or transfer them to a CD or DVD. <> COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) - SINUSES Computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses uses special x-ray equipment to evaluate the paranasal sinus cavities - hollow, air- filled spaces within the bones of the face surrounding the nasal cavity. Products landmark ge ombl siemens breathing scouts ap and lateral parameter scan start below mandible end above frontal sinuses dfov 18 prep group ge siemens indication trauma / face pain oral prep scan 1. non-contrast recon 0.625mm or 1.25mm axial recon - bone algorithm 1.25mm axial recon - standard algorithm The hand denotes child-specific content. When the exam is complete, the technologist will ask you to wait until they verify that the images are of high enough quality for accurate interpretation by the radiologist. Having reliable and of ct sinus ct scan images below, the bowel surgery, but clear liquid after. Deviated Septum The nasal septum has cartilage and bone that divide your nose's nasal cavity in two. Some patients require an injection of a contrast materialto enhance the visibility of certain tissues or blood vessels. Leave them at home or remove them prior to your exam. Then, the table will move slowly through the machine for the actual CT scan. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ In general, intravenous contrast material is not necessary. 28K views 4 years ago This video provides a basic tutorial for anybody without a medical background to look at a CT Sinus scan and understand what they are looking at. Jewelry and ct sinus protocol without being aware of the normal. contrast depending on the Radiologist protocol, the CPT code is the same. 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Sinus: Medtronic Sinus. Risk factors for complicated infections include prolonged tobacco use and chronic occupational exposure to wood dust, nickel, or chrome pigment. inbqo@O[nF{su:t(//A (hA222=h)D'@/w8}{aaaEB[xxeqJyg-w3h7 . The use of image-guided surgery in endoscopic sinus surgery: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Sinuses - Limited Indications o Anosmia, allergic sinusitis Sequences o Coronal sections without contrast Comments o Scans should be perpendicular to the hard palate. 3 above) and is positioned accordingly once the bracket is secured to the bed frame as demonstrated in figure 5. The CT scanner is typically a large, donut-shaped machine with a short tunnel in the center. 2). A diagnosis via CT scan may eliminate the need for exploratory surgery and surgical biopsy. If neoplasia is suspected, the use of an intravenous contrast medium is indicated. Image-guided surgery with theStealthStation ENT Navigation Systemcan be used to surgically navigate tumors and lesions affecting the anterior and lateral skull base. . Immunocompromised persons and smokers are at increased risk for serious sinusitis complications. CT imaging allows providers to have a more in-depth look at your sinuses to determine the cause of blockages. 2016;126(1):51-59. Unlike conventional x-rays, CT scanning provides very detailed images of many types of tissue as well as the lungs, bones, and blood vessels. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ This exam does not commonly require contrast material; however, in some situations your doctor may request that contrast material be given.
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