By June 1914, Russia established near-total control over its northern zone, while Britain had established influence over Baluch and Bakhtiari autonomous tribal leaders in the southeastern zone. 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. In 1923, Ahmad Shah left Iran for Europe for health reasons. The British had already decided on a withdrawal from Iran; and the date for Russian troop withdrawal was set for 1 April 1921. Qajars filled a number of diplomatic missions and governorships in the 1617th centuries for the Safavids. Dar-ol-Fonoon was established for training a new cadre of administrators and acquainting them with Western techniques. For other uses, see. French publications at the time reported that his estate was worth some seventy-five million francs.[5]. On his return to Tehran on April 1, he recommended that all discussion on establishing a republic cease. Smirnov was rightly suspected by the constitutionalists of being a Russian agent; but the Russian embassy, insisting that Smirnov acted only as a tutor, objected to his dismissal and dropped hints that Russia was prepared to recall half of the Russian troops stationed at Qazvn if Smirnov was allowed to stay (S. . Taqzda, eba-ye q-ye Sayyed asan Taqzda motamel bar amma- az tr-e awel-e enqelb o maryat-e rn, Tehran, 1338 ./1959, p. 89). [13][14] The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. Another decisive moment in Amad Shahs reign came at the end of the war when he was induced, partly by pecuniary incentives, to give his consent to the conclusion of a treaty, the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919, with England. what is the recommended ratio for lifeguard to swimmer [1] For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Ahmad Shah Qajar. [45] The next two years were a time of muddle and confusion, and the weakened and devastated Georgian kingdom, with its capital half in ruins, was easily absorbed by Russia in 1801. Popular demand to curb arbitrary royal authority in favor of the rule of law increased as concern regarding growing foreign penetration and influence heightened. The Moderates and Democrats often clashed, particularly when it came to minority rights and secularism. In return, Re Khan agreed to facilitate the shahs immediate departure for Europe. Every future Shah of Iran would also die in exile. Sepehr, rn dar ang-e bozorg-e 1914-18, Tehran, 1336 ./1957. Amir Kabir issued an edict banning ornate and excessively formal writing in government documents; the beginning of a modern Persian prose style dates from this time. He was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects. wikipedia.en/Zia_ol_Din_Tabatabaee.md at main - github.com Can you list the top facts and stats about Ahmad Shah Qajar? During these eventful years, Amad Shah played only a small part in the internal politics of his country, on the whole doing what his counselors (some pro-German, some pro-British, some pro-Russian) advised him to do. The great number of them also settled in Astarabad (present-day Gorgan, Iran) near the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea,[10] and it would be this branch of Qajars that would rise to power. "However the result of the Treaty of Turkmenchay was a tragedy for the Azerbaijani people. Erekle II returned to Tbilisi to rebuild the city, but the destruction of his capital was a death blow to his hopes and projects. [38], With half of the troop's Agha Mohammad Khan crossed the Aras river with, he now marched directly upon Tbilisi, where it commenced into a huge battle between the Iranian and Georgian armies. Following Shah Abbas I's massive relocation of Armenians and Muslims in 160405,[70] their numbers dwindled even further. [28] Among these Turkic tribes, however, Turkmens of Iran played the most prominent role in bringing Qajars to power. M. Malekzda, Tr-eenqelb-e maryat-e rn IV, Tehran, 1331 ./1952. ahmad shah qajar cause of death - dura-fog.com Soltan Ahmad Shah is ten or eleven years old here. By 1794 he had eliminated all his rivals, including Lof Al Khn, the last of the Zand dynasty, and had reasserted . [101], The Iranian Gendarmerie was founded in 1911 with the assistance of Sweden. XX .). The Qajar armies at that time were mostly composed of Turkoman warriors and Georgian slaves. When in December 1911 the Majlis unanimously refused a Russian ultimatum demanding Shuster's dismissal, Russian troops, already in the country, moved to occupy the capital. A painting with an almost identical pose but of a younger Ahmad Shah hangs in the residence of his nephew and present Head of the Imperial Kadjar House, Soltan Ali Mirza Kadjar. From Paris Amad Shah sought to turn this agitation to his own advantage. In 1796, he was formally crowned as shah. Provinzen und Zentralgewalt Persiens im 16. und 17. W. E. R. Dickson, East Persia: A Backwater of the Great War, London, 1924. Nosrati Ahmad, A Letter to Intellectuals: The Manipulation of the Persian Nation by Western Power and Russian Policy, Trafford Publishing, 2004. m7 bayonet rubber; navien recirculation timer setting; why did heaven's gate kill themselves; electric scooter hire surfers paradise; when was the epic of gilgamesh discovered; Ahmad Shahi Pavilion (Persian: - Koushk-e Ahmad Shhi) is located in the Niavaran Complex, in the north of Tehran, Iran.Ahmad Shahi Pavilion is beside Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's dwelling, Niavaran Palace and the oldest building there, Sahebgharaniyeh Palace.The Pavilion was built at the end of the Qajar era as Ahmad Shah's dwelling among Niavaran garden. [74], Fath Ali Shah's reign saw increased diplomatic contacts with the West and the beginning of intense European diplomatic rivalries over Iran. The Qajar rulers were members of the Karagz or "Black-Eye" sect of the Qajars, who themselves were members of the Qajars (tribe) or "Black Hats" lineage of the Oghuz Turks. Franz Roubaud. Ahmad Shah Qajar - Wikiwand It illustrates how civil strife within the country was as damaging, if not more so, than threats from abroad. The death of Mohammad- Ali Shah Qajar (b. The city had been part of Persia in Safavid times, but Herat had been under the non-Persian rule since the mid18th century. He left the country on 5 November 1923, destined never to return to Iran. The British-commanded South Persia Rifles were in the south, the Dunsterforce (later known as the North Persia Force, or Norperforce) occupied the Qar-e rn-Kermnh-Hamdn-Qazvn line, and other British contingents were based in Mahad. akm-al-molk was charged with purging the court of undesirable elements and did so with considerable vigor and integrity, dismissing numerous unworthy tutors and officials and corrupt courtiers. | Photograph shows Ahmad Shah Qajar (1898-1930), who was Shah of Iran from 1909 to 1925 and was the last leader of the Qajar dynasty. Ahmad Shah Qajar and his Cabinet - Smithsonian's National Museum of [87] Qajar Iran would become a battleground between Russian, Ottoman, and British forces in the Persian campaign of World War I. They abolished class representation and created five new seats in the Majlis for minorities: two seats for Armenians, and one seat each for Jews, Zoroastrians, and Assyrians. . "Qajar" redirects here. Matters came to a head when Morgan Shuster, a United States administrator hired as treasurer-general by the Persian government to reform its finances, sought to collect taxes from powerful officials who were Russian protgs and to send members of the treasury gendarmerie, a tax department police force, into the Russian zone. Mohammad was born on June 21 1872. Several trade concessions by the Persian government put economic affairs largely under British control. [38] Erekle appealed then to his theoretical protector, Empress Catherine II of Russia, asking for at least 3,000 Russian troops,[38] but he was ignored, leaving Georgia to fend off the Persian threat alone. Ahmad Shah Qajar (1898-1930) - Find a Grave Memorial Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shahanshah - geni family tree On 16 July 1909, the Majles voted to place Mohammad Ali Shah's 11-year-old son, Ahmad Shah on the throne. The rebels then convened the Grand Majles of 500 delegates from different backgrounds, which placed Ahmad Shah, Mohammad Ali's eleven-year-old son, on the Sun Throne. 141-42). [16] As the Cambridge History of Iran notes; "Russia's client, Georgia, had been punished, and Russia's prestige, damaged." Given a cool reception in France, for the first time he became aware of the terrible blunder he had made in acquiescing to the treaty. Iran took its case to the newly established League of Nations; but that august body proved ineffective. The Persian army marched back laden with spoil and carrying off many thousands of captives.[39][41][42]. I, Fasc. Meanwhile, by 1881, Russia had completed its conquest of present-day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, bringing Russia's frontier to Persia's northeastern borders and severing historic Persian ties to the cities of Bukhara, Merv and Samarqand. Re Khan shortly thereafter invaded Gln and defeated Mrz Kek Khans forces. Ahamad 6.jpg 420 333 . With the arrival of the Cossacks in Tehran, the cabinet fell and the feeble prime minister, Fatallh Akbar, took sanctuary in the British embassy. Fath Ali Khan's son Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar (17221758) was the father of Mohammad Khan Qajar and Hossein Qoli Khan (Jahansouz Shah), father of "Baba Khan," the future Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. [66] The initial ranks of the brigade would be entirely composed of Circassians and other Caucasian Muhajirs. [100], The British formed the South Persia Rifles in 1916, which was initially separate from the Persian army until 1921. [93][94], Ahmad Shah died on February 21, 1930, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. [99][100], By the 1910s, the Qajar Iran was decentralised to the extent that foreign powers sought to bolster the central authority of the Qajars by providing military aid. Home; Categories. [76] Foreign interference in Persia's domestic affairs was curtailed, and foreign trade was encouraged. [62][65] The Georgians, hopelessly outnumbered, were eventually defeated despite stiff resistance. D. Wright, The English Amongst the Persians, London, 1977, pp. The Russians were to enjoy exclusive right to pursue their interests in the northern sphere, the British in the south and east; both powers would be free to compete for economic and political advantage in a neutral sphere in the center. The repudiation by the U.S. Congress of the Versailles treaty, after it had been signed by President Wilson, also may have created a precedent on which Iran seized (H. Nicolson, Curzon: The Last Phase, 1919-1925, Boston, 1934, pp. Arch Iran Med 10.1 (2007): 119-23. punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects, two Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century, invaded and sacked the Iranian town of Ganja, Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia, "Genealogy and History of Qajar (Kadjar) Rulers and Heads of the Imperial Kadjar House", IRAN ii. Genealogy profile for Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shahanshah Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shahanshah (1898 - 1930) - Genealogy Genealogy for Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shahanshah (1898 - 1930) family tree on Geni, with over 240 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Public works such as the bazaar in Tehran were undertaken. Ahmad Shh Qjr | The Kaiserreich Wiki | Fandom The Anglo-Persian Agreement itself was finally abrogated in 1921, when successive Iranian cabinets found themselves unable to submit it to Parliament for approval. [23][86], British and Russian officials coordinated as the Russian army, still present in Persia, invaded the capital again and suspended the parliament. [83] Mozaffar-e-din Shah was a moderate, but relatively ineffective ruler. (court literature/language, administrative, cultural, official), Reconquest of Georgia and the rest of the Caucasus, Wars with Russia and irrevocable loss of territories. Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persian: ; 21 January 1898 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.[1]. Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran. He was Grand Master of the following orders: French Third Republic: Grand Cross of the. In 1923, Ahmad Shah went into exile in Europe. Mozaffar-e-din Shah's son Mohammad Ali Shah (reigned 19071909), who, through his mother, was also the grandson of Prime-Minister Amir Kabir (see before), with the aid of Russia, attempted to rescind the constitution and abolish parliamentary government. Consequently, at a reception held in his honor in London, he intentionally refrained from including in his official speech any reference which could have been construed as an endorsement of the Anglo-Persian Agreement. Battle of Sultanabad, 13 February 1812. The immediate ancestor of the Qajar dynasty, Shah Qoli Khan of the Quvanlu of Ganja (also spelled Ghovanloo or Ghovanlou), married into the Quvanlu Qajars of Astarabad. A. what is the recommended ratio for lifeguard to swimmer [97], The Qajar military was one of the dynasty's largest conventional sources of legitimacy, albeit was increasingly influenced by foreign powers over the course of the dynasty. When the shah reneged on a promise to permit the establishment of a "house of justice", or consultative assembly, 10,000 people, led by the merchants, took sanctuary in June in the compound of the British legation in Tehran. Public anger mounted as the Shah sold off concessions such as road building monopolies, the authority to collect duties on imports, etc. Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; [1] 7 August 1702 - 26 April 1748) [1] was the 13th Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1719 to 1748. By 1920, the government had virtually lost all power outside the capital and Ahmad Shah had lost control of the situation. Eventually, following prolonged and critical negotiations in Tehran and Moscow that culminated in a personal interview with Lenin by the Iranian envoy, Al-qol Khan Anr, the Soviet government agreed to withdraw Russian troops if Britain withdrew her own forces from Iranian territory. Ahmad Shah Qajar (21/1/1898 - 21/2/1930) was Shah of Iran from July 16, 1909 to October 31, 1925 and the last of the Qajar dynasty. Amad Shah was to receive a subsidy of 15,000 tomans per month as long as he kept in office his pro-British prime minister, Woq-al-dawla (Documents XIII, p. 518). The Russians had always interpreted this article to imply that while individual rulers could be removed from the throne, the continuity of the dynasty itself must not be affected. Later, the formal termination of the Qajar dynasty by the Majles turned Ahmad Shah's 1923 European tour into exile. During the coup, Reza Khan used three thousand men and only eighteen machine guns, a very bloodless coup that moved forward quickly. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood | Encyclopedia.com Muhammad Shah. ahmad shah qajar cause of death old restaurants in lawrence, ma [10] In his quest for power, he razed cities, massacred entire populations, and blinded some 20,000 men in the city of Kerman because the local populace had chosen to defend the city against his siege.[10]. Not much is known about Ahmad's early life before his succession to the throne. I: Enqer-e salanat-e Qrya, Tehran, 1323 ./1944, p. 39). Amad Shah's position was considerably affected when on 21 February 1921exactly 40 days before the British troops were to begin their evacuation of Irana division of the Persian Cossack brigade under the command of Re Khan marched from Qazvn to Tehran and occupied the capital. On 28 October 1923, Re Khan induced a reluctant Amad Shah to appoint him prime minister. /** * Error Protection API: WP_Paused_Extensions_Storage class * * @package * @since 5.2.0 */ /** * Core class used for storing paused extensions. [18] Despite its territorial losses, Qajar Iran reinvented the Iranian notion of kingship[19] and maintained relative political independence, but faced major challenges to its sovereignty, predominantly from the Russian and British empires. [46][47] In 1804, the Russians invaded and sacked the Iranian town of Ganja, massacring and expelling thousands of its inhabitants,[48] thereby beginning the Russo-Persian War of 18041813. [25] The Safavids "left Arran (present-day Republic of Azerbaijan) to local Turkic khans",[26] and, "in 1554 Ganja was governed by Shahverdi Soltan Ziyadoglu Qajar, whose family came to govern Karabakh in southern Arran".[27]. On 31 October 1925, the Majlis approved a bill deposing the Qajars and entrusting the provisional government to Re Khan. in Svante Cornell, "Small nations and great powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus", Richmond: Curzon Press, 2001, p. 37. ahmad shah qajar cause of death Ahmad Shah Qajar was Shah of Persia from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty. what kind of government did the shah lead? Ahmad Shah Qajar Biography - Shah of Iran from 1909 to 1925 Ahmad Shah Qajar was born on month day 1898, at birth place, to Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar and Malika-i-Jahan Khanum Qajar. Ahmad Shah Qajar - Wikipedia Hence Merv, Sarakhs, Eshgh Abad, and the surrounding areas were transferred to Russian control under the command of General Alexander Komarov in 1884.[61]. " ", "The Russian Military Mission and the Birth of the Persian Cossack Brigade: 18791894", "RUSSIA v. RUSSIANS AT THE COURT OF MOAMMAD-ALI SHAH", "Opinion | The Editorial Notebook; Persia: The Great Game Goes On", "Portraits and Pictures of Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar (Kadjar)", "The Military of Qajar Iran: The Features of an Irregular Army from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century", "The Swedish-led Gendarmerie in Persia 19111916 State Building and Internal Colonization", "SWEDEN ii. by. [102] After 1915, Russia and Britain demanded the recall of the Swedish advisers. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease,[15] putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty. He appears also to have remained in touch with the powerful Shaikh aal and to have encouraged his rebellion against the central government. With the conclusion of the Akhal Treaty on 21 September 1881, Iran ceased any claim to all parts of Turkestan and Transoxiana, setting the Atrek River as the new boundary with Imperial Russia. 657-660. He founded the Pahlavi dynasty, after ending the century-old Qajar dynasty, and subsequently introduced and implemented steps to improve the prevailing social, economic and political conditions in Iran. He hired French and Russian instructors as well as Persians to teach subjects as different as Language, Medicine, Law, Geography, History, Economics, and Engineering, amongst numerous others. At that time, Persia was nearly bankrupt. At the time of the Russian invasion of Iran, some 80% of the population of Erivan Khanate in Iranian Armenia were Muslims (Persians, Turkics, and Kurds) whereas Christian Armenians constituted a minority of about 20%. This article is available in print.Vol. Painting from Golestan collection depicting Soltan Ahmad Shah, his . [31] When Nader Shah died in 1747, they capitalized on the chaos that had erupted in mainland Iran, and declared de facto independence. He founded the first modern hospital in Iran.[75]. Thus, after long and careful deliberations, and in keeping with Article 37 of the constitution, the leaders of the constitutional movement agreed to confer the crown on the deposed shahs eldest son. A. at Neuilly-sur-Seine, outside Paris, France, and was buried in his family crypt in Karbala, Iraq. In August, the shah, through the issue of a decree promised a constitution. G. Lenczowski, Russia and the West in Iran, 1918-1948, Ithaca, 1949. Ahmad Shah Qajar. Ahmad Qajar - Historical records and family trees - MyHeritage [33], The consequences of these events came a few years later when a strong new Iranian dynasty under the Qajars emerged victorious in the protracted power struggle in Persia. [71] As a result of the Treaty of Gulistan (1813) and the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), Iran was forced to cede Iranian Armenia (which also constituted the present-day Armenia), to the Russians. The Supplementary Fundamental Laws approved in 1907 provided, within limits, for freedom of press, speech, and association, and for the security of life and property. ahmad shah qajar cause of death - theactiongrouphr.com In 1797, Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated in Shusha, the capital of Karabakh Khanate, and was succeeded by his nephew, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. The weakness of the government in the face of such aggression by an atheist foreign power sparked seething anger among many traditional Persians including the young Ruhollah Khomeini, who would later condemn both Communism and monarchy as treason against Persia's sovereignty and the laws of Islam. In addition, the ex-shah, with Russian support, attempted to regain his throne, landing troops in July 1910. Photograph shows Ahmad Shah Qajar (1898-1930), who was Shah of Iran from 1909 to 1925 and was the last leader of the Qajar . Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persian: ; 21 January 1898 - 21 February 1930) was Shah of Iran from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.. Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended to the throne at the age of 12 after the removal of his father Mohammad-Ali Shah by the Parliament on 16 July 1909. The second is the attempt by Soltan Ahmad Shah's mother, Malekeh Jahan, to regain the throne for her son and for the dynasty in 1925-26. Thus, although Amad Shahs coronation on 21 July 1914 was marked by national jubilation, his popularity rapidly declined. Ahmad Shah Qajar - DocsLib Ammanat Abbas, "Russian Intrusion into the Guarded Domain": Reflections of a Qajar Statesman on European Expansion" Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 1742-1797) was the founder of the Qajar dynasty that ruled Persia until 1924. The assemblys resolutions stipulated that no member of the Qajar family could ever accede to the throne. Britain also extended its control to other areas of the Persian Gulf during the 19th century. The Qajars were resettled by Shah Abbas I throughout Iran. The account of these events lies outside the scope of this article, but Amad Shahs behavior throughout this crisis was lamentable. Fereydoun Mirza, (b. [16], In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost much territory[17] to the Russian Empire over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day eastern Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. Home News Random Article Install Wikiwand Send a suggestion Uninstall Wikiwand Upgrade to Wikiwand 2.0 [102], The number of Russian officers in the Cossack Brigade would increase over time. Lord Ironside (ed. [62], Through the Battle of Ganja of 1804 during the Russo-Persian War (18041813), many thousands of Ayrums and Qarapapaqs were settled in Tabriz. When Aod-al-molk died on 22 September 1910, he was replaced as regent by Abul-Qsem Ner-al-molk, an Oxonian who counted among his contemporaries at Oxford Lord Curzon and Sir Edward Grey, both destined to become British foreign secretaries in the next decade. A leading figure was the shahs maternal grandfather, Kmrn Mrz. The Qajar were a Turkmen tribe who first settled during the Mongol period in the vicinity of Armenia and were among the seven Qezelb tribes that supported the Safavids. [51][52] This sparked the final bout of hostilities between the two; the Russo-Persian War of 18261828. Agha Mohammad Shah was later assassinated while preparing a second expedition against Georgia in 1797 in Shusha. In 1856, during the Anglo-Persian War, Britain prevented Persia from reasserting control over Herat. State Hermitage Museum. ahmad shah qajar cause of death +1 (760) 205-9936. Following the official losing of the aforementioned vast territories in the Caucasus, major demographic shifts were bound to take place. He was killed on the orders of Shah Nader Shah in 1726. The remainder of the Gendarmerie was named amniya after a patrol unit that existed in the early Qajar dynasty. Government expenditure was slashed, and a distinction was made between the private and public purses. Foreign advisers became powerbrokers in the court and military. gh Moammad Khn, (born 1742, Gorgn, Irandied 1797, near Shusha), founder and first ruler of the Qjr dynasty of Iran. [30] By 1794, Agha Mohammad Khan had eliminated all his rivals, including Lotf Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty. He was not able to prevent Britain and Russia from encroaching into regions of traditional Persian influence. The Swedish-influenced police had some success in building up Persian police in centralizing the country. The shah's failure to respond to protests by the religious establishment, the merchants, and other classes led the merchants and clerical leaders in January 1906 to take sanctuary from probable arrest in mosques in Tehran and outside the capital. Following the death of Nader Shah in 1747, many tribal chiefs rose in revolt in the hope of taking over the . Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar (Kadjar) and the 1925-26 Coup The coup of 1921 rendered Ahmad Shah politically weaker and less relevant. He died four years later at the age of 32. The debates between the two political parties led to violence and even assassinations. [103], In 1921, the Russian-officered Persian Cossack Brigade was merged with the gendarmerie and other forces, and would become supported by the British. The deposed shah subsequently took up permanent residence in France. Amad Shah at first appeared inclined to join them and to transfer his capital farther south; but he was dissuaded from doing so by the British and Russian ministers in Tehran. Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persian: ; 21 January 1898 - 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended to the throne at the age of 12 after the removal of his father . Y. Dawlatbd, ayt-e Yay III, Tehran, 1321 ./1942. If implemented, the treaty would have put an end to Irans political independence and for all practical purposes made England Irans guardian and protector. Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended to the throne at the age of 12[2] after the removal of his father Mohammad-Ali Shah by the Parliament on 16 July 1909. Children of Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar (Kadjar)
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