More arrived from RAF Wildenrath in March and April. Gp Capt D M Somerville, xx Jul 1947 Gp The entire complex was surrounded by barbed wire fences, and patrolled with vehicles and dogs. Educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, Allison entered the Royal Air Force College Cranwell as a flight cadet in 1961. Web5 X 4 patch, good condition.The former Royal Air Force Station Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force military airbase which opened on 15 January 1952. R N Bateson, xx Mar 1946Gp Capt At least one HAS still existed on the base: it stood alone a few hundred meters south of the golf course, to the southwest of Moorheide. [21][22] By 2007, the railway test tracks had taken over considerable areas of the airfield. D G Evans, 12 Oct 1966Gp Capt Gp Capt Gp Capt H L Maxwell The domestic site is now predominantly military. Catalogue number It also operated DH Devon and DH Heron aircraft. Published by at 30, 2022. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 1958 Gp Capt M D The aircraft was eventually declared un-airworthy due to many of its rivet-heads having been polished off. All rights reserved - Embedding the contents of this site in another domain without the explicit prior permission from the webmaster/owner is strictly prohibited. Wildenrath was the first of four 'Clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. In 19745, the Wildenrath station commander was Group Captain Patrick 'Paddy' Hine, who later rose to Air Chief Marshal and Joint Commander of all British forces during the Gulf War. Gp Capt R C Porteous (killed in a flying accident 9 Jul 1953), xx xxx 1953 Gp Capt J Cox, xx Aug 1945 A simulated bomb incident forced them to evacuate the aircraft shelter and they were allocated another, which was also still armed with live weapons. Capt E D Crew, 5 Nov 1962Gp Wg Cdr C G Kimbrey, xx Jul 1955 Google may use your Personal Data to contextualize and personalize ads in its advertising network. Since 1997, the original airfield and immediate environs comprise the Wegberg-Wildenrath Test and Validation Centre, a facility for testing railway vehicles operated by Siemens AG. Gp Capt P G Jameson, xx xxx 1948 A 3 meter wide track on the runway had appearantly recently been cleared, reexposing that part of the runway from the treshold all the way to the Siemens test track. 1951 Sqn Ldr J W Henderson, 2 Jan Wg Cdr A D Grace, xx Dec 1951 I was rushed to the medical centre for a quick check up, to be met by Paddy and other members of 14 Squadron (I was Staneval Weapons at Brggen and was flying with 14 Squadron that day) with bottles of beer stuffed in their pockets. The organisation behind them was seen to be at fault, and following a comprehensive review numerous changes were made to procedures. RAF Wildenrath Station Crest. In the 1970s, Wildenrath served as the initial home of the RAF 'Harrier Force', which included numbers 3, 4, and 20 Squadrons, as well as 21(AS) Signal Regiment. WebThe Station is made up of Javelin Barracks, Elmpt and the two quartering areas of Wildenrath and Bracht. Smith, 21 Sep 1961 The base was also used for 'CasEvac' (emergency casualty evacuations) usually to the UK. On 15 January 1956, 88 Sqn reformed with B(I).8 Canberras at Wildenrath, and was renumbered 14 Sqn on 17 December 1962. Sqn Ldr W D Caldwell, xx Jun 1958 WebUnedited footage of the Royal Air Force Central Band on their visit to Moscow in Russia. Wildenrath was the first of four 'Clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this blog contents without express and written permission from this site's author/owner is strictly prohibited. The Wildenrath wing taken in 1991. This is a photo of the Mobile MCS Rig Exodus taken around Aug 1986 at Wildenrath. Sqn Ldr P D J Wood, xx Jan 1953 RAF career. Full description (Tape 1) Band performing at a Kremlin Parade. The aircrafts' lower fuselage and wings were kept highly polished by the ground-crew of the RAF Germany Communication Flight at RAF Wildenrath. In 19745, the Wildenrath station commander was Group Captain Patrick 'Paddy' Hine, who later rose to Air Chief Marshal and Joint Commander of all British forces during the Gulf War. It was the first of four 'Clutch' air bases of the British air forces in Germany (RAF Germany) during the Cold War. G E Ord, 8 Mar 1980 WebRAF Wildenrath, RAF Brggen, and RAF Laarbruch were physically close to each other, and came under the auspices of NATO's Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF). Construction began in 1950, and the station became active in 1952 during the rapid expansion of NATO forces in Europe. 1960 Gp Capt B Barthold, 27 Jul 1962 Of the southern dispersals, the central and eastern are bisected by the main railway oval test track. Gp Capt P H Hamley, xx Aug 1946 [3] Flying the F-4 Phantom, he went on to command No. The incident occurred on the aircraft's last planned flight before being placed as permanent static display at RAF Duxford. The crew had been called out late and had missed the start of the exercise. RAF Wildenrath, presumably ca. Wg Cdr R A Milward, xx Jan 1953 [6] The flight had its own hangar facilities on the base and various flight designations throughout its tenancy. 14 and 17 Squadrons; the former flew B(I)8 Canberras, and was part of the 2nd ATAF tactical nuclear strike force. RAF Wildenrath Station Crest. Wildenrath hangar 7, ca. The Astra cinema was knocked down in late 2005. Gp Capt R H Goodall, xx xxx 1989 Gp Capt A J List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Test and validation centre, Wegberg-Wildenrath, Test- and Validationcenter Wegberg-Wildenrath, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military units and formations established in 1952, Military units and formations disestablished in 1992, Harrier GR.1/T.2-later converted to GR.3/T.4, Aircraft of the air force of the United Kingdom, List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons, "Test- and Validationcenter Wegberg-Wildenrath", http://www.mobility.siemens.com/mobility/en/pub/urban_mobility/rail_solutions/service/testcenter_for_railway_systems/test_und_validationcenter.htm, Memories of a National Serviceman at Wildenrath 1960, Military (Airport no longer in operation). Wildenrath was the first of four 'clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s.[3]. Also on site were 724 Signals Unit (Fighter control radar), 402 Air Stores Park, a unit of the RAF Regiment, and a British Army detachment that maintained landlines (AFS). Gp Capt P Kelly, xx xxx 1957 Eject! Thought process he must know what is going on because I certainly dont! A RAF SEPECAT Jaguar GR.1 of No.2 Sqn parked on the flight line during "Tactical Air Meet '78" at RAF Wildenrath on 15 May 1978 (Wikipedia) RAF career. Supplied by Gary Binnie. 1968 [7], He was Director of Strategy, and subsequently, Operations Director at Jaguar Racing from May 2001 to October 2004. No. RAF Wittering News New Station Commander At Royal Air Force Wittering 10 Jun 2021 Wing Commander Jez Case is the new Station Commander at RAF Wittering, taking over from Group Captain Jo Lincoln who is promoted to Air Commodore in July. WebRoyal Air Force Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force (RAF) military airbase near Wildenrath in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that operated from 1952 to 1992. Gp Capt M Arnold, xx Mar 1987 Gp Instead, as the pilot said later, the growl from the missile seeker transferred to his other ear (now indicating the missile on the other wing) and the first missile launched. Fuhlsbuttel | Gatow | Webraf wildenrath station commanders. RAF career. From 1953 there were two North American F-86E Sabre squadrons [67 and 71], and a Sabre conversion flight. [5] Allison had 4,612 hours of flying experience across his career, though only 18 hours on this particular aircraft type. The circuit breaker for the firing circuit was found not to be an effective device, even though it had been pulled to render the system inactive. Capt B E de Iongh, xx Oct 1971 The original airfield site and immediate environs are now used by Siemens AG under their Transportation and Automotive business arm (Siemens Mobility), as their railway testing centre; known as the Test and validation centre, Wegberg-Wildenrath. Beadon, 21 Nov 1962 Wg Cdr T P McGarry, xx Mar All but the western threshold and overrun of the runway has been obliterated, and the eastern runway threshold is now a golf course, rather than the site of Bloodhound surface to air missiles. Now what did the physical training instructors tell us about parachute rolls on landing? The aircraft was eventually declared un-airworthy due to many of its rivet-heads having been polished off. 1951 Gp What was unusual this time was that the CWI-band vector moved from front to rear. RF-104G D-8059 of 306 Sqn RNLAF lines up on RWY27 turing TAM78. Educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, Allison entered the Royal Air Force College Cranwell as a flight cadet in 1961. WebRAF Wildenrath, RAF Brggen, and RAF Laarbruch were physically close to each other, and came under the auspices of NATO's Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF). Gp Capt A Ingle, 6 Jul 1945 View the Cookie Policy. Coordinates: 51654.3N 61249.4E / 51.115083N 6.213722E / 51.115083; 6.213722. [2] On graduation, he was commissioned as a pilot officer in July 1964. Gp Capt D Peveler, 24 Sep 1956Gp Capt Hours before this the hooter had sounded at RAF Wildenrath (the Phantom FGR2 base) in the early hours of the morning for a station exercise. Webst pete beach weather monthly; long island national cemetery columbarium; one child policy in the philippines essay; raf wildenrath station commanders. The former Royal Air Force Station Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force military airbase which opened on 15 January 1952. Personal Data collected: NonePlace of processing: Ireland Privacy PolicyOpt Out. As of January 2008, only the south western dispersal and Hardened Aircraft Shelters remain, but these have now since all been removed, with the surviving taxiways being used for recreational purposes by the local civilian residents. In 19745, the Wildenrath station commander was Group Captain Patrick 'Paddy' Hine, who later rose to Air Chief Marshal and Joint Commander of all British forces during the Gulf War. Get the best aviation news, stories and features from The Aviation Geek Club in our newsletter, delivered straight to your inbox. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); What are you waiting for? [8] He left as a result of restructuring following the sale of the company to Red Bull Racing and went to Rolls-Royce plc as Project Director for the redevelopment of the Bristol Site in February 2005. The air base was initially used as an area for rock concerts. On 6 June 1972, the Squadron disbanded and on 16 October 1972 was reformed with the Buccaneer S2B aircraft. Gp Capt P G Jameson, xx xxx 1947 In 1960, the Station Commander was Group Captain 'Bats' Barthold, and 17 Squadron was commanded by Wing Commander Dugald 'Buster' Lumsden, who accepted the squadron's colours presented by Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Dermot Boyle. 1976-77 saw Wildenrath's role within RAF Germany change, as it became home to the command's air defence squadrons, with 19 Squadron and 92 Squadron moving in from RAF Gutersloh, having converted from the English Electric Lightning to the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, and taking advantage of the Phantom's longer range. Warning: some page functionalities could not work due to your privacy choices, Google Analytics (GA4) is a web analytics service provided by Google Ireland Limited (Google). Capt W V Crawford-Compton, xx Dec 1955Gp 1951Gp Capt He was the Gentleman Usher to the Sword of State. Visiting SEPECAT Jaguar GR.1 of No. It was eventually declared un-airworthy due to many of its rivet-heads having being polished off. On the southwestern dispersal not only the HASs but also the dispersals had been removed, leaving only the taxiway. WebRoyal Air Force Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force military airbase near Wildenrath in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany that operated from 1952 to 1992. John Rogerson SERGEANT Served from 1962 - 1975 Served in RAF Wildenrath John Newland CORPORAL Served from 1961 - 1976 Served in RAF Wildenrath Rob Howsam CORPORAL Served from 1985 - 1991 Served in RAF Wildenrath Jean Bowen (Tomlinson) The anonymization works by shortening the IP address of the Users within the borders of the member states of the European Union or other countries that are members of the Agreement on the European Economic Area. Capt P H Eustace, xx Apr 1989 WebRoyal Air Force Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force military airbase near Wildenrath in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany that operated from 1952 to 1992. The last HAS remaining in 2011 was located on the southeast side of RAF Wildenrath (RonaldV) Known intially as 12 Independent Liasion Flight it then was renamed to 31 flight, then 131 Flight Royal Corps of Transport (ex RASC), 669 Squadron Army Air Corps and then in its last colours with a return to the 12 Flight title. The flight, which had its own hangar facilities on the base, had various flight designations throughout its tenancy. The navigator noted that this aircraft had no red tape over the master armament switch, which would have denoted that the aircraft was live armed. [citation needed], In October 1989, an RAF corporal and his infant daughter were shot dead at the petrol station in Wildenrath village, outside the RAF base. Always ready / ever prepared: RAF Phantom FGR2 XV439 'D' on short finals for runway 27, RAF Wildenrath, 1952 Gp Capt G Powell-Shedden, 1 Aug 1954 Don Sutherland / U.S. Air Force,Pinterest, Crown Copyright and Todd Pormealeau viasepecat.info. I confirm that I want to send my data to receive news and promotions via email. The north-east dispersal was completely taken over by sidings, workshops and shunting loops for the Siemens Test Centre. I cannot begin to imagine what was going through the poor guys minds their way back to Wildenrath; it is a bit difficult to explain away returning to base after a training flight with one missile fewer than when you started out! Air Chief Marshal Sir John Shakespeare Allison, KCB, CBE (born 24 March 1943) is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) commander. WebIn the 1970s, Wildenrath served as the initial domestic of the RAF 'Harrier Force', which listed numbers 3, 4, and 20 Squadrons, as living as 21ASRegiment. Gp Capt R W Oxspring, xx Aug 1967 Wildenrath was the first of four 'clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. RAF Wildenrath, with RAF Bruggen and RAF Laarbruch were clustered fairly closely together and came under the auspices of NATO's Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF). Gp Capt J A Holmes, xx xxx 1959 M J D Stear, 17 Mar 1982Gp Capt All but the western threshold and overrun of the runway has been obliterated, and the eastern runway threshold is now a Golf course, rather than the site of Bloodhound surface to air missiles. The north-east dispersal is completely taken over by sidings, workshops, and shunting loops. I hear Paddys voice from the other aircraft yelling Eject! Photo of RAF Wildenrath, believed to have been taken in the 1980s (baor-locations.co.uk). 1952Gp Capt RAF Wildenrath, ca. The form of anonymisation is no longer acceptable. Plan of RAF Wildenrath, presumably ca. RAF Wildenrath housed numbers 19 Sqn, which re-formed at Wildenrath in October 1976, and 92 Sqn which formed there in April 1977. Wildenrath closed as a flying base with effect from 1 April 1992. Wildenrath was also home to an army flight operating light helicopters and fixed wing aircraft, examples of which were the Westland Scout and De Havilland Beaver respectively to give an idea of aircraft size. | Schleswigland | Sundern | He was the Gentleman Usher to the Sword of State. Wildenrath was the first of four 'Clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. It also housed the two operational 'Battle Flights' for both fighter squadrons. The following article contains excerpts from Group Captain Steve Griggss story titled With Friends Like These which appears in Ian Halls book Jaguar Boys. The base was named after the village of Wildenrath. Wg Cdr L A Ferguson, xx Feb 1963 G N Amison, 1 May R G Knott, 28 Jul 1961Gp Capt There I was minding my own business at 1,350ft, returning to Brggen after a forward air controller training sortie as number two to Paddy Mullen, when the radar unit we were using warned of conflicting traffic ahead. Gp Capt H Day, xx xxx 1953 It was later that evening that the Brggen station commander discovered they were in the bar with me, and pointed out that this would not look good for the subsequent board of inquiry since we could be accused of collaborating. Wg Cdr W E V Malins, 14 Mar 1946 Harrison, xx xxx xxxx Gp Capt R A Wright, xx xxx 1995 Gp Capt G L Torpy, xx xxx xxxx A/Cdre N D A The board of inquiry found the crew of the Phantom to be negligent, but were they solely to blame? A communications flight was provided by 60 Sqn (RAF Germany Communications Squadron ), initially with Hunting Percival Pembrokes, later with DeHavilland Devon and DeHavilland Heron aircraft. Obviously the accident was the result of a monumental cock-up. Webcms geographic adjustment factor 2021 raf wildenrath station commanders. Set your Throttles to Full AB and Join The Aviation Geek Club! Gp Capt H L Lewis, xx May 1970 Gp 11 Group in 1991. Gp Capt C D Tomalin, xx xxx 1945 D G Lewis, 19 Jan 1955 | Lubeck | Oldenburg | Gp Capt J Wilson, xx Aug 1974 Gp Google uses the Personal Data collected to track and examine the use of this Application, compile reports on its activities and share them with other services developed by Google. Pausing only to make a quick phone call to Brggen to relay the news (apparently disturbing the station commander during the annual formal inspection lunch) we attacked the bottle. It initially had a 1830 meter long runway, which was later lenghtened by 610 meters. Still distracted by the vision of Germanic loveliness peering (fondly?) RAF Wittering News New Station Commander At Royal Air Force Wittering 10 Jun 2021 Wing Commander Jez Case is the new Station Commander at RAF Wittering, taking over from Group Captain Jo Lincoln who is promoted to Air Commodore in July. Personal data that are processed:Tracker; Usage Data. WebRAF Wittering - Station Commanders Station Commanders The Station Commander ordinariily holds the rank of Group Captain. Gp Capt T N Coslett, xx Mar 1955 Indeed the party was subsequently mis-reported in the press as us celebrating the loss of one of Her Majestys aircraft, a fact I tried to correct by a letter to The Telegraph. Capt A G Dudgeon, xx Oct 1957Gp Capt C D Tomalin, 7 Dec 1959Gp Stn Patch. xxxx Gp Capt Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Capt R M Robson, 17 Oct 1980 Sqn Ldr F E Smith, xx Jan 1961 At this time, the commanding officer of 2ATAF (former Battle of Britain fighter pilot, Sir Christopher Foxley-Norris) had a Vickers Valetta aircraft as his personal transport, its lower fuselage and wings kept highly polished by the ground-crew of the RAF Germany (RAFG) Communication Flight. Catalogue number Only in exceptional cases, the IP address will be sent to Google's servers and shortened within the United States. Flt Lt G Garrat, xx xxx 1955 The taxiway that ran parallel to the main runway and linked the three dispersals was used as the alternate runway for emergencies if the main runway was compromised. [Ahlhorn| Bruggen| Brussels-Evere| Buckeburg| Butzweilerhof| Celle| Detmold| Eindhoven| Fassburg|Fuhlsbuttel| Gatow|Geilenkirchen| Goch| Gutersloh| Hambuhren| Jever| Laarbruch| Lubeck| Oldenburg|Rheindalen| Scharfoldenorf| Capt R L Tavanyar, xx Sep 1976 Wildenrath was the first of four 'clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. R MacFarlane, 1 Sep The original airfield site and immediate surroundings were taken over by Siemens AG under their Transportation and Automotive business arm (Siemens Mobility) as their railway testing centre. of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation, RAF Station Commanders - J F G Howe, 5 Dec Web5 X 4 patch, good condition.The former Royal Air Force Station Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force military airbase which opened on 15 January 1952. Gp Capt M H Dwyer, xx xxx 1946 Wildenrath was the first of four 'clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. [4], Allison was piloting the last airworthy Second World War German Messerschmitt Bf 109 when he made a forced landing at an air show in Duxford in October 1997. RAF MILDENHALL, England -- Keen half-marathon runner and Formula One motor racing fan, Squadron Leader Rick Fryer, from Eccles, Lancashire, is the new Royal Air Force station commander at RAF Mildenhall. Aircraft went out at 750ft and back at 1,350ft for deconfliction. whole: Number Of Items/reels/tapes 1. The station itself still has a NAAFI but more reduced in size; and now moved to where the YWCA had previously been. Mar 1946 WebWildenrath ASF in 1991 with the last Phantom to depart the shed. Gp Capt T E Benson, 8 Sep 1978 Gp Personal Data collected: Tracker; Usage Data. It can be seen today in the RAF Museum at Hendon, London. Gp Capt D F Rixson, 11 Jun 1965 RAF Station Commanders - 2 TAF, BAFO & RAF Germany. Gp Capt D G Bailey, 6 Jun Gp Capt A E Clouston, 7 Jun 1960 Wg Cdr C V Bang! [Ahlhorn| Bruggen| Brussels-Evere| Buckeburg| Butzweilerhof| Celle| Detmold| Eindhoven| Fassburg|Fuhlsbuttel| Gatow|Geilenkirchen| Goch| Gutersloh| Hambuhren| Jever| Laarbruch| Lubeck| Oldenburg|Rheindalen| Scharfoldenorf| Again names greatfully received. Gp Capt T O Prickett, 1 Dec 1955 It also housed the two operational 'Battle Flights' for both fighter squadrons. WebThe Station is made up of Javelin Barracks, Elmpt and the two quartering areas of Wildenrath and Bracht. Gp Capt The flight was manned by members of the corps under which the flight was named with the REME providing the technical servicing and maintenance of the aircraft. Keppel-Compton, 26 Oct 1981 Wg Cdr P A Garth, 20 May 1985 Wg Cdr G M Goddard, 5 Apr 1961 Wg Cdr N W Video shot around the closedown of RAF Wildenrath in March 1992 byTristan Cossey, who kindly shared the video with us. 1975 Gp Capt While the hangar still stood, signs on the fences indicated a lot of the building had been ravaged as rewards were awarded for information that would lead to thiefs of hangar parts, mostly drainage pipes (RonaldV). Wg Cdr Elwyn-Jones, xx Feb 1954 Gp Capt D S 1949Gp Capt Like RAF Brggen and RAF Laarbruch, RAF Wildenrath fell under the operational command of NATOs 2ATAF (Second Allied Tactical Air Force). Since I was well, with only a slight cut to the chin and not even back pain (I be able to play golf the next day albeit with a sore head), I decided to celebrate my lucky escape in the traditional way by putting on a barrel of beer in the mess. Supplied by Jim Haywood. Wg Cdr S G Pritchard, xx Feb 1952 Aircraft and crews had been generated, and the aircraft loaded with live weapons in accordance with normal policy for exercising quick-reaction forces in NATO. Below are just some of our members who have served at RAF Wildenrath. The RAFG Communications Flight later in 1969 adopted the identity of 60 Squadron, which had disbanded as a Gloster Javelin squadron at RAF Tengah in Singapore the previous year. RAF Wildenrath, RAF Brggen, and RAF Laarbruch were physically close to each other, and came under the auspices of NATO's Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF). Hours before this the hooter had sounded at RAF Wildenrath (the Phantom FGR2 base) in the early hours of the morning for a station exercise. It was the first of four 'Clutch' air bases of the British air forces in Germany (RAF Germany) during the Cold War. 2001, less than ten years after the RAF left the airbase. For more information, please see our Privacy Policy, Please enter a password with 6 characters or more. A communications flight was provided by 60 Sqn, initially with Hunting Percival Pembrokes which were replaced by Hawker Siddeley Andovers in the mid-to-late 1980s. Wildenrath was the first of four 'clutch' stations built for the RAF in Germany during the early 1950s. Gp Capt T L B McGuiness Categories . Webraf wildenrath station commanders. WebRoyal Air Force Wildenrath, commonly known as RAF Wildenrath, was a Royal Air Force (RAF) military airbase near Wildenrath in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that operated from 1952 to 1992. Despite these factors, and the absence of the vital tape on the master arm switch, the crew were deemed by the board of inquiry to be negligent and (eventually) faced a court martial which resulted in them being found guilty of negligence. Alpha and Echo were not used in the normal flying operations of the station. Dumbfounded he watched, powerless to influence the outcome, (the Sidewinder being a fire-and-forget weapon) as the missile exhaust trail headed off towards my aircraft. It was the first of four 'Clutch' air bases of the British air forces in Germany (RAF Germany) during the Cold War.