So let me say, because I get told a lot that Im teacher bashing. More importantly than our union, the new mayor is committed to it. SCARBOROUGH: And you also, your movie talks about how what's happening in some of these schools is demolished a lie, a bigoted lie that some kids are incapable of learning. By Stephen Holden. WEINGARTEN: John. The answer is no. >> /Resources << BRZEZINSKI: All right. /Im0 19 0 R [39], There is also a companion book titled Waiting For "Superman": How We Can Save America's Failing Public Schools.[40]. But the issue in terms of the election, went far further than education. [30] In Ayers' view, the "corporate powerhouses and the ideological opponents of all things public" have employed the film to "break the teacher's unions and to privatize education," while driving teachers' wages even lower and running "schools like little corporations. >> stream SCARBOROUGH: Because we've been up to Harlem, we've seen what's happening up there. The principal wants her to stay. So the question is, what's New York City doing right? What are your thoughts? BRZEZINSKI: Randi, really quickly. SCARBOROUGH: Why are you going to get fired? CANADA: Sure. This documentary follows a handful of promising kids through a system that inhibits, rather than encourages, academic growth, and undertakes an exhaustive review of public education, surveying "drop-out factories" and "academic sinkholes," methodically dissecting the system and its seemingly intractable WEINGARTEN: This is not about the adults. Rhee said that only a small number of teachers and principals cheated. [32][33][34][35][36], A teacher-backed group called the Grassroots Education Movement produced a rebuttal documentary titled The Inconvenient Truth Behind Waiting for Superman, which was released in 2011. I think what's happened in places like Washington and I saw it compared to New York City. "Waiting for Superman" ( Superman & Lois), an episode of Superman & Lois. Didn't get an answer on that. Many of them. In fact, those are the very areas where he has success. RHEE: It was actually 12 percent that were proficient in reading but he picked the better statistic because actually, only 8 percent of our children were proficient in math. [3], Geoffrey Canada describes his journey as an educator and recounts the story of his devastation when, as a child, he discovers that Superman is fictional, that "there is no one coming with enough power to save us.". Feel free to edit or add to this page, as long as the information comes directly from the BRZEZINSKI: Ill tell you right now, Randi, I want to know after the break why we can't use pay to inspire teachers. I was really tired. Coming up, right after we're finished here, MSNBC will re-air the two-hour town hall. Are you feeling agreement? >> What if I made a movie that gets people to care about other peoples children and fight for other people's children as much I fight for mine. But as long as we try to pretend that all teachers are the same, and that there are not great teachers and not so great teachers, then we are never going to be able to solve the problems. endobj And systems that actually help create continuous improvement. One of the reasons for the high test scores, writes Ravitch, is that many charter schools expel low-performing students to bring up their average scores. CANADA: Well you know what? Judith and Jose have decided to enter Daisy into the Kipp lottery. And I always -- Im at screenings all across the country. WebView and compare WAITING,FOR,SUPERMAN,DOCUMENTARY,TRANSCRIPT on Yahoo Finance. endstream The film illustrates the problem of how American public schools are failing children, as it explicitly describes many public schools as drop-out factories, in which over 40% of students do not graduate on time. Take a look. You don't come off well in this movie. What have you learned as somebody who isn't a professional educator on what we need to do? It took a little while to get the money straightened for this green light and 80 percent of the teachers voted for that agreement. 8 0 obj Waiting for "Superman" is a 2010 American documentary film written and directed by Davis Guggenheim and produced by Lesley Chilcott. /ExtGState << That was teachers talking to each other and talking to the world about what teachers needed. Let's go there and talk to the president of the American federation of teachers, Randi Weingarten. >> SCARBOROUGH: Randi said the teachers wanted the tools to get the job done. When you put a face on this issue, as we talk about the details of it, that's the thing I keep saying to myself, let's not forget as we argue and discuss and learn about this, let's not forget the kids. SCARBOROUGH: OK. You talked about it. >> Geoffrey, let me ask you this question. Towards the end of the film, there is a segment that illustrates the charter school lottery as it takes place for different schools. By showing its audience that even charter schools close their doors to some students, which them forces these students to attendfailing public schools, the video illustrates howthere are still flaws to the American public school system and challenges that need to be addressed. I mean, from my perspective, it really seemed like what was scary to people was this idea of beginning to differentiate folks. Were here to talk about the movie, to talk about education. There's a lot of people in this country that aren't feeling what we feel. Nakia joins us here tonight. SCARBOROUGH: Crying uncontrollably because it is unbelievable, some of the conditions that our kids are forced to learn in right now. /GS0 18 0 R /ArtBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] It's a random selection. The contract says she has to go. The film follows several families as they attempt to gain access to prominent charter schools for their children. KENNY: We catch them up to basic level and we accelerate them to proficient. What's amazing about these tears, I knew about the film for months and just knowing the system, I knew how it was going to end. The bottom line is, you cannot say that you support removing ineffective teachers when then I fire ineffective teachers and you slap me with lawsuits and you slap me with the grievances. Film. /T1_0 24 0 R Randi said something that was fascinating. Walk in and I still want every kid to win. I support public schools. /Contents 33 0 R BRZEZINSKI: Its worked for you and for hundreds of kids in Harlem. Thank you so much for doing this and also sharing your story in the movie. Though money doubled, reading and math scores have flat-lined. We're not attacking teachers. GUGGENHEIM: The issue is not just lousy teachers. And what teachers have told us is that focus instead on the tools and conditions we need to do our jobs. /Properties << MIKA BRZEZINSKI: Take a look at some of the reactions from just a few minutes ago as people watched this movie. Waiting for Superman. John, tell us how you got involved in this. I get why that's good for the adults. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: To come see, geography and love, thats it. Anthony's class visits the Seed School, the first urban public boarding school in the country. RHEE: Thats correct. NAKIA: I was disturbed. WEINGARTEN: Yes. >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] /Properties << But Id like -- I think there is a disconnect here that John Legend talks about. She was a teacher in Indianapolis. But it's not just Harlem -- if my movie, I call it, they're breaking a sound barrier. This is a transcript of "Waiting for Superman". Take a moment. We need to have great curriculum. WEINGARTEN: The issue in terms of education is there's no turning back on reform in education in Washington, D.C. Our union is committed to it. And we need to have good evaluation systems. We're just saying --. How do we spread that from Harlem across America? I get to meet all the wonderful teachers out there. 4 0 obj /T1_1 20 0 R SCARBOROUGH: Okay, Michelle -- WEINGARTEN: We agreed at times. BRZEZINSKI: When we come back, we'll talk more about that. We need to do a lot more of what Debbie Kenny is doing in that school but we need to do whats going on in lots and lots and lots of public schools because at the end of the day, every single teacher I know wants to make a difference in the lives of kids. "[10] Joe Morgenstern, writing for The Wall Street Journal, gave the film a positive review writing, "when the future of public education is being debated with unprecedented intensity," the film "makes an invaluable addition to the debate. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] WebGenre: Documentary Waiting for 'Superman' Screenplay Edit Buy Year: 2010 4,775 Views Geoffrey Canada: One of the saddest days of my life was when my mother told me A good education, therefore, is not ruled out by poverty, uneducated parents or crime and drug-infested neighborhoods. How do you explain that to a child? I think the point of departure between Michelle and I may be that I see, just like in Finland and Singapore and other places, that we need to all actually work together, focused on instruction, focused on how we help people do the best jobs they can and then -- BRZEZINSKI: Wasnt that what she was doing? I actually don't -- I think we could continue one city at a time. /Contents [ 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R ] SCARBOROUGH: If you're going to lock kids in Harlem out of that process and let a few see the light and see the -- that seems to me to be immoral. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Daisy and her parents have found one other option. Ravitch also writes that many charter schools are involved in "unsavory real estate deals" [31], In 2011, many news media reported on a testing score "cheating scandal" at Rhee's schools, because the test answer sheets contained a suspiciously high number of erasures that changed wrong answers to right answers. And it started to haunt me, the idea that kids in my own neighborhood, and I live in a pretty good neighborhood, aren't getting what my kids have. %PDF-1.3 I want to say something about what John just said. Where has the union misstepped to help us get to where we are today? /ExtGState << If I get in, they give me a better chance in life. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You see the cages up here. What's the big takeaway from "Waiting For Superman"? SCARBOROUGH: Welcome back to our education nation special on "Waiting For Superman." /TrimBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] First, I loved that town hall today. We even tolerate mediocre teachers. There are core values we have to have. One of these amazing children is a boy named Anthony. This scene is an important one because it highlights how the acceptance of students into charter schools is determined by the luck of the draw and how some students are not able to enter into the public school of their choice solely because luck was not on their side. GUGGENHEIM: The dream of making a movie like this is conversations just like this, the fact that you and NBC and Viacom and Paramount and Get School bring a movie to the table and let people in this room have a real conversation about to fix our schools is essential. I want to just ask Randi, you've been taking pot shots from everybody here on stage, including us at times. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] WEINGARTEN: Michelle and I may disagree on the particulars of this, but there are about 50 or 60 districts that are using the proposal that we made and ultimately we think if we do that, if we fix teacher evaluations so it's about teacher development and evaluation, we can fix this problem. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Lets get started. There are people who have figured out systems of improving education and the mayor was very aggressive in bringing those folk into New York City and saying to them, we're going to remove the obstacles for you all to do your work. So they were trying to impose a cap on the number of charter schools that could be had in New York. Tomorrow morning Joes going to be live from Learning Plaza. >> /BleedBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] Geoffrey Canada: One of the saddest days of my life was when my mother told me Superman did not exist. endobj 1. WebWaiting For Superman (871) 7.4 1 h 51 min 2010 X-Ray PG The lives of five Harlem and Bronx families in the high stakes lottery for access to New York City's best charter Web2010. The issue is, and we saw it and heard it in the town hall today a lot, we need to have instruments like they do in every other business to effectively judge and assess teachers. CANADA: Look, no business in America would be in existence if it ran like this. SCARBOROUGH: What we hear, Randi, morning after morning after morning from progressives, from conservatives, from Republicans, from Democrats, from independents, seems to be the same thing. I'm feeling it. The Superman movie fans are waiting for Superman: Legacy will be released on 11 July 2025. We'll be joined also by Grammy award-winning singer/songwriter John Legend and our friend at "MORNING JOE" as well. SCARBOROUGH: Thanks a lot, Davis, way to go, man. BRZEZINSKI: They were underperforming it. And that is a concept that is so necessary. "[20], The film also received negative criticism. In fact you come off quite badly. BRZEZINSKI: Is there a possibility? That's when we come back as we dive into the issues presented in "Waiting For Superman." By what name was Waiting for Superman (2010) officially released in India in English? In this incredible movie, "Waiting For Superman," Davis Guggenheim introduces to us some of the heroic parents who struggle to provide a better future for their children. How do we let every kid -- SCARBOROUGH: There are two Americas. GUGGENHEIM: Absolutely. The fact that there are currently not enough spaces in American schools should also be viewed as one of the primary factors defining their failure to meet the needs of students (Guggenheim). You don't have all sorts of external rules. No one wants lousy teachers. Waiting For Superman may refer to: Waiting for "Superman", a 2010 documentary. It matters who your local representative is. We all have to move off self-interest. WebWaiting for Superman/Transcript. It was about a whole range of other issues. (END VIDEO CLIP) BRZEZINSKI: And there are kids that don't make it. BRZEZINSKI: These are compelling arguments that we all can agree on but, Randi, let me just put it to you this way. We can run the school the way we want, which is to give our teachers the power to teach. You say no one wants lousy teachers but there are a lot of really lousy teachers who are protected by this current system. Filmmaker Davis Guggenheim reminds us that education "statistics" have names: SCARBOROUGH: You mean against -- RHEE: Against Fenty, my boss. << Make sure the tenure is not ever construed as a job for life. Obviously at the end most people watching this movie teared up. This is about changing the political environment that we're operating in. Do you think it has characterized you fairly? Now it's happening in Houston. SCARBOROUGH: Thank you so much. /MC0 37 0 R There are really, really bad charter schools across America. Only 3 out of 100 students at Roosevelt will graduate with the necessary classes for admission to a four year university. /GS1 17 0 R I mean I think that's what this whole debate is about in many ways. Geoffrey Canada: I was like what do you mean he's not real. The issue here in terms of education -- SCARBOROUGH: Wait. We actually have to change the political environment. I think we all need to take more responsibility. Acquiring that good education is the daunting challenge they face. PG. /GS0 47 0 R WebShop for waiting for superman documentary transcript filetype:lua at Best Buy. But can we really get Geoffrey Canadas in every public high school across America? RHEE: I don't think they are. DAISY: Isnt that when people play and they win money. /TrimBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] BRZEZINSKI: Nakia, thank you. They couldn't add basic first grade skills, they couldn't have it. /CropBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] /TrimBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] Find low everyday prices and buy online for delivery or in-store pick-up We're feeling a real sense of commitment. << NAKIA: Yes. You cannot say -- you can't say, well, the problem with charter schools is they only serve some of the kids when in fact you are advocating for caps on those effective charter schools. BRZEZINSKI: What was wrong with what she was doing? It is must-see TV, from 9:00 to 11:00 Eastern Time right here on MSNBC. JOE SCARBOROUGH: Good evening. That is the problem. One of the things we were thinking about, we were covering songs from the civil rights era, from the '60s and '70s and people who fought for justice and equality. Waiting for "Superman" premiered in the US on September 24, 2010, in theaters in New York and Los Angeles, with a rolling wider release that began on October 1, 2010. LEGEND: I think there needs to be an understanding in our community when we fight for our kids we're fighting for our community. Find low everyday prices and buy online for delivery or in-store pick-up LEGEND: Who your state senator is. I said mommy wanted you to stay in your school and she finished my sentence. Ravitch said that "cheating, teaching to bad tests, institutionalized fraud, dumbing down of tests, and a narrowed curriculum" were the true outcomes of Rhee's tenure in D.C. 9 0 obj Webwaiting for superman movie transcript+filetype:ppt+filetype:pdf. We have to go to break. BRZEZINSKI: If you leave Washington, D.C. are you going to Newark? Through the stories of five children who wanted to attend a charter school, the film shows how one child was accepted and another child was accepted from the wait list while three children were not accepted at all. 1 0 obj That's why -- SCARBOROUGH: To John's point, though -- WEINGARTEN: So we never -- SCARBOROUGH: Unions fought like hell against these successful charter schools being able to expand in New York State. I have a 12-year-old that goes to public school. [8], Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4 and wrote, "What struck me most of all was Geoffrey Canada's confidence that a charter school run on his model can make virtually any first-grader a high school graduate who's accepted to college. >> Charter schools are public schools, public dollars, public school children and to talk about them as if they are not public schools, I think does a disservice to that movement. Ultimately they want the tools and conditions in order to do that. The good guys/heroes are low-income American parents, hoping to provide a good education for their children. She was assigned in January. There are also comparisons made between schools in affluent neighborhoods versus schools in poorer ones. /CropBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] RHEE: Yes, that's right. BRZEZINSKI: Youre outnumbered. And what we're finding in some schools we should spread throughout all the schools in this nation. 7 0 obj I knew what the final scene would look like and I still broke down three times. /Type /Pages endobj BRZEZINSKI: Thank you. CANADA: There are two things. They clearly illustrate that no matter the area, teachers are failing America's youth at an alarming rate.. I cry for him sometimes. Teachers in this country want to make a difference in the lives of kids. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Vergosa, Andrew. You fought the law and the law won. Where you tried to focus on good teachers in Washington. "[9] Scott Bowles of USA Today lauded the film for its focus on the students: "it's hard to deny the power of Guggenheim's lingering shots on these children. You can't do it with the district rules and the union contracts as they are in most districts. We should let Randi respond. The union leaderships could take this on as a platform and say this is something we're going to commit to and give our membership behind this so we can show progress in taking on these issues. SCARBOROUGH: First and foremost -- LEGEND: If we care about justice, if we care about equality in this country, we have to care about fixing education. As young as Bianca is, she too displays this look of defeat as her name is not called (Guggenheim 1:32:56). LEGEND: Well, you know, there are plenty of constituencies that usually align with the union, for instance. /Type /Page Fox News. We just don't want lousy teachers to be able to keep their jobs and kids not get an education. SCARBOROUGH: They can't. You went into the lottery system for your daughter. BRZEZINSKI: Why didn't they add up? BRZEZINSKI: Please help us welcome founder and CEO of the Harlem Children's Zone, Geoffrey Canada, Washington D.C.'s school's chancellor, Michelle Rhee, American Federation of Teacher's president Randi Weingarten and filmmaker Davis Guggenheim. It is a revolution. And that still scared the hell out of the Washington union. RHEE: You know what, heres the thing. DAISY: I want to go to a medical college or a veterinarian college because I really want to become a surgeon. I've been amazed by what's possible. GUGGENHEIM: Those kids can't learn. The film shows how Geoffrey Canadas solution to this problem was to create charter schools that would give children and their parents more options within the public school system and would hopefully raise academic performance, decrease dropout rates, andincrease the number of students who attend college. "[30], Diane Ravitch, Research Professor of Education at New York University and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, similarly criticizes the film's lack of accuracy. /Contents 30 0 R Your last really big film was "Inconvenient Truth." We can't wait and talk about this another seven, eight, ten years. /Properties << A teacher wants to stay. GUGGENHEIM: And the stakes for them. This film follows five children and documents them to see what their lives and schools are like. Theres a lot of schools that I want to take you to Davis, great public schools where we are breaking the sound barrier, too. SCARBOROUGH: Why would you spend a million dollars to defeat a mayor? & CEO, HARLEM CHILDRENS ZONE: I think the real important issue for us to face as Americans is if we don't fix this, we will not remain a great country. And the idea that we now can do it means that we have a very moment right now to say let's take those things, let's take those ingredients and bring them into mainstream schools. E]D[JWlwH{,j73?Mazd. Cross your fingers. /GS1 17 0 R But do you think Michelle Rhee was trying to improve the performance of the teachers in her district, was she trying to make the schools better? A lot of times, the unions, for instance, were fighting to -- fighting the right to have more charters in New York. SCARBOROUGH: Last in, first out. WEINGARTEN: Let me get to both of these issues, let me see if I can conflate them. However, the film shows how even charter schools leave some children behind, as those who are not chosen by the luck of the draw in the lottery system, are not able to attend the charter schools of their choice. [4][5][6] On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a "Certified Fresh" approval rating of 90% based on reviews from 118 critics. No one can go home and stick their head in the sand. We decreased violent crimes that were happening in the schools. Educ 300: Education Reform, Past and Present, an undergraduate course with Professor Jack Dougherty at Trinity College, Hartford CT. David GuggenheimsWaiting for Supermanlooks at how theAmerican public school system is failing its students and displays how reformers have attempted to solve this problem. We increased student achievement levels. You think it was about -- let's be respectful. And it's more about a jobs program than it is about the kids. This is our country. /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R ] Thats just one of the great things that we see. DAVIS GUGGENHEIM: No. /T1_0 20 0 R BRZEZINSKI: What are you saying, Randi, what is he saying? So people keep talking about accountability just in terms of firing teachers but what I think people need to understand is how accountability allows you to unleash teacher passion by setting on fire all the teachers in the school because you're allowed to give them the freedom to teach the way they see fit. By the time they finish eighth grade, they will have doubled their math and reading scores. People couldn't believe you could do it. Coming up next, MSNBC's going to re-air the teacher town hall hosted by Brian Williams. Filmmaker Davis Guggenheim reminds us that education "statistics" have names: Anthony, Francisco, Bianca, Daisy, and Emily, whose stories make up the engrossing foundation of WAITING FOR SUPERMAN. We're here at the site of our education nation summit launching today at NBC News and MSNBC. BRZEZINSKI: Welcome back. There are answers and people want to say the answer is this. We're turning to you now. Ht6R*bs7n& Waiting for "Superman," Davis Guggenheim's edifying and heartbreaking new documentary, says that our future depends on good teachers and that the coddling of bad teachers by their powerful unions virtually ensures mediocrity, at best, in both teachers and the students in their care. I knew -- as Davis said, I knew what was going to happen before she knew what was going to happen. (soundbite of film, "big george foreman: the miraculous story of the once and future heavyweight champion of the world") KHRIS DAVIS: (As George Foreman) Last time they saw me, I looked like Superman. Waiting for Superman exposes an array of complex, complicated, persistent, and multi-layered historical and societal problems. Explain to me how that is good for children. That's the first thing. Or it can't be done. According to Waiting for Superman, from 1971 to today, America has gone from spending an average of $4,300 per student to $9,000 per student, (adjusting for inflation). They have to go see this movie and have smaller conversations like this. /Filter /FlateDecode >> Were going to talk to in a second and thats where Jeff Zucker told me I needed to go. Go. (d acJ4@%Q8C/! I think he wants to do the right thing. WEINGARTEN: We need to help them do that for all of our kids. Why were you frightened to send her to school. But when I saw you after the film, and I would -- being macho, hey, Davis, how you doing, man? >> I don't care what I have to do, I don't care how many jobs I have to obtain but she will go to college. We increased attendance rates. We had at least 40 of us in one classroom and the teacher refused to teach. [37] It criticizes some public figures featured in Waiting for "Superman", proposes different policies to improve education in the United States and counters the position taken by Guggenheim. And I think seeing what's possible in this film is very inspiring. BRZEZINSKI: Is that a fair shot, Randi? I have a good feeling about this. [15] Deborah Kenny, CEO and founder of the Harlem Village Academies, made positive reference to the film in a The Wall Street Journal op-ed piece about education reform. BRZEZINSKI: What happens to these kids? SCARBOROUGH: All right, Davis, Davis, you said at the beginning you didn't want to get involved in this project. /ArtBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] GEOFFREY CANADA, PRES. WEINGARTEN: No one, you know, teachers in at least our union would be the first to tell you, we rail against this system in some ways as much as Geoff and Michelle. Stevenson feeds into Roosevelt, one of the worst-performing schools in Los Angeles. People -- but this room needs to get bigger. DAISYS FATHER: Come on, Daisy, cross your fingers. /Resources << Will they give him a million dollars for re-election if he keeps you in your position? The site's consensus states: "Gripping, heartbreaking, and ultimately hopeful, Waiting for "Superman" is an impassioned indictment of the American school system from An Inconvenient Truth director Davis Guggenheim. MICHELLE RHEE, CHANCELLOR, D.C. PUBLIC SCHOOLS: Well, I think you should probably ask the union folks that question. After half a year of teaching, I talked to her yesterday, she had brought her kids a year -- more than a year and a half ahead. /GS0 18 0 R They'll talk about this issue. [38] The documentary was directed, filmed, and edited by Julie Cavanagh, Darren Marelli, Norm Scott, Mollie Bruhn, and Lisa Donlan. /Font << We have to take ownership. BRZEZINSKI: When the number came down, what was that telling your daughter, what was that telling you? That's not the case with all charter schools across America. CANADA: The thing I think Chancellor Klein and Mayor Bloomberg have done, they really looked for people to come into the city who had a proven track record. /Type /Catalog >> And it's just -- it changes your perspective. And I don't want to make this about the presumptive mayor. I think that we've all I mean Davis said it when he said he passed three public schools. What have you been able to do with them? A reminder for everyone, coming up right after this program, MSNBC will re-air that teacher town hall that was hosted by Brian Williams, that's from 9:00 to 11:00 Eastern Time, right here on MSNBC. That youre not going to look American with our 15,000 school system and say we're going to charter them, that's just not going to happen in my lifetime. LEGEND: Yes. /TrimBox [ 0 0 595.27600 841.89000 ] You do not come off as the hero of this movie. /MC0 31 0 R "[13] Variety characterized the film's production quality as "deserving every superlative" and felt that "the film is never less than buoyant, thanks largely to the dedicated and effective teachers on whom Guggenheim focuses. /Resources <<
Lyndon B Johnson Why We Are In Vietnam,
Pioneer Woman Chicken Stuffing Casserole,
Toto Wolff House Monaco,
Articles W